How is excess systemic fluoride eliminated from the body?

Excess systemic fluoride is primarily eliminated from the body through multiple pathways, including urine and feces. The kidneys play a significant role in filtering fluoride from the bloodstream, and the majority of fluoride that enters the body is excreted through urine. However, some fluoride can also be excreted through feces, particularly when it is ingested in larger quantities, as not all fluoride is absorbed completely in the gastrointestinal tract.

The fact that excess fluoride can be eliminated via both urine and feces underscores the body's ability to manage and expel this mineral to maintain proper balance and prevent toxicity. Other routes, such as through sweat or breath, contribute only marginally to the elimination of fluoride, making them less significant in the overall process. This multifaceted elimination is crucial for preventing the adverse effects associated with excessive fluoride accumulation in the body.