What defines a cariogenic substance?

A cariogenic substance is specifically defined as one that causes dental caries, which are cavities resulting from the demineralization of tooth enamel due to the action of acids produced by bacteria in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. When sugars and starches are consumed, the bacteria in the mouth metabolize these substances, leading to acid production that can erode tooth structure over time.

The other options present different concepts related to dental health. For instance, substances that promote tooth whitening enhance the aesthetic appearance of teeth but do not influence caries formation. Similarly, substances that help remineralize teeth contribute positively to dental health by restoring lost minerals to the tooth structure, which can combat caries but are not cariogenic themselves. Neutralizing acids in the mouth involves pH balancing and can protect against caries, but such substances are protective rather than harmful. Thus, the identification of a cariogenic substance focuses solely on its ability to promote dental decay.