What does the term "plaque" refer to in dentistry?

In dentistry, the term "plaque" specifically refers to a sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on the surfaces of teeth. This biofilm forms when bacteria in the mouth combine with food particles and saliva, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, leading to various dental issues such as cavities and gum disease. The understanding of plaque as a bacterial film is crucial for effective oral hygiene practices since it highlights the need for daily oral care to prevent the potential harmful consequences of plaque buildup.

The other terms, while related to dental health, describe different phenomena or products. A hard mineral deposit refers to calculus (or tartar), not plaque. A type of dental tool does not define plaque, and while some toothpaste ingredients may target plaque removal, they are not synonymous with plaque itself.