What has research proven about the effect of water fluoridation?

Water fluoridation has been proven to have a topical effect on erupted teeth, meaning that fluoride works primarily on the surfaces of teeth that are exposed to the oral environment. When fluoride is ingested through fluoridated water, or when it is applied topically through toothpaste or mouth rinses, it can enhance the remineralization process, making the enamel of the teeth more resistant to decay. This is particularly important for preventing cavities in both children and adults.

While fluoride does benefit unerupted teeth when ingested, the primary mechanism through water fluoridation is its direct effect on teeth that are already in the oral cavity. Fluoride strengthens the enamel, slowing down the demineralization process and enhancing remineralization, which helps to reduce the incidence of dental caries.

Others may provide different narratives; for instance, the assertion that fluoride's effects are solely cosmetic ignores the significant oral health benefits that have been demonstrated through numerous studies over decades. Additionally, while fluoride does have increased relevance in childhood dental health, its benefits continue into adulthood, making the claim that the effect is only beneficial during childhood incomplete. Thus, the understanding of fluoride’s topical benefits is crucial in preventive dentistry.