Which bacteria is most commonly associated with dental caries?

Streptococcus mutans is the bacteria most commonly associated with dental caries due to its ability to metabolize sugars and produce acid as a byproduct. When sugar is consumed, S. mutans converts it into lactic acid, which lowers the pH in the mouth and can lead to demineralization of tooth enamel. This process is critical in the development of cavities. S. mutans is a prominent member of the oral microbiome and is particularly well-adapted to thrive in the dental plaque that forms on teeth.

The other bacteria listed play different roles in oral health and disease. For instance, Lactobacillus casei is known for its involvement in the progression of caries, but it typically acts later in the carious process rather than being a primary initiator like S. mutans. Escherichia coli is primarily associated with gut flora and is not typically found in significant amounts in the oral cavity related to caries. Actinomyces israelii, while present in the mouth and can be associated with periodontal disease rather than caries, does not play a primary role in the caries process like S. mutans. Therefore, Streptococcus mutans stands out as the primary contributor to the